QUESTION 1

Introduction

The term state in his writing it is important to work is titled as a prince. The state is the most universal and most powerful of all social institutions and is a natural institution(Slideshare,2014). Aristoke once said that is a social animal and by nature, he is a political being and he believed in the state and to be a man were identical(Slideshare,2014). The state is the highest form of human association; it is necessary because it comes into existence out of the basic needs of life (Slideshare,2014). It goes on to remain for the sake of good life (Slideshare, 2014). The state is a community of people more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitance render obedience and enjoying from external control ( ( Salindo Philner, 2014).

The state is a community of people more numerous staying indefinite portion of territory completely free of external control and possessing an organized government to which a great body of people render habitual obedience(Slideshare, 2013). The state is people organized for law within a definite territory and elected the state as a union of families and village having for its ends a perfect and self–sufficing life by which it meant a happy and good life. The state is a particular portion and mankind is viewed as an organized unit (Slideshare,2014). The duties of the state are peace and order, political harmony (good laws), social justice, and economic development ((Rivera Arnet, 2010). The elements of the state are people, territory, government, and sovereignty ((Political science, 2019)

The people

It refers to the inhabitants of the state and there is no strict requirement on their numbers but they must be of sufficient number to be self-sufficing ((Slideshare, 2013)When citizens of another state are living in their territory of the state, they are called of the state expected to bound to obey the state and policies. The exercises supreme authority over the people through its government. There is no definite limit for the size of people essential for a state and it is recognized that people should not be too many or very small and it has to have a fair limit and example is India has a very large and fast-growing population and there is every need to check population growth. A high level of sustainable development needs India to register to enhance its ability(Political science, 2019).

The territory

The territory is a divided area that correctly belongs to the citizens and is a part of a whole on the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state (Slideshare, 2013). A state cannot survive in the air or at sea. It is basically a territorial state and the size of the territory state can neither be big and small and the state like Russia, Canada, USA, India, China, Brazil and other are big sized states whereas other like Nepal, Bhutan, Switzerland Togo and may others are stated with small territories. All people, organizations, associations, institutions, and places are discovered within its territory are under the sovereignty jurisdiction of the state. The territory of the state they don’t only include the land but others like rivers, lakes, canals.

The government

The government refers to the agency to which the will of the state is formulated expressed and carried out (Slideshare, 2013). It is the organization of the laws of the state, sometimes there is no difference between the state and government it must be stated clearly noted that government is one element of the state. The working agency of the state and the government has three organs which are legislature- which it forms the will of state example law-making function, executive- it deals with enforces and implementing the example of the law performs the law – application and judiciary – it applies to laws to the certain example of adjudication function.

The sovereignty

Sovereignty it may be defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from the people within its jurisdiction and a corollary to having freedom from foreign control is the supreme and uncontrollable power inherent in the state(Slideshare, 2013). It is the most exclusive element of state and it only belongs to sovereignty because without it the state can never exist.

A sovereign state is a political entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.

A federated state (which may also be referred to as a state, a province, a region, a canton, a land, a governorate, an oblast, an emirate or a country) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation.

Nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polity—I .e., a state —that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. The legitimacy of a nation-state’s rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state.

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government.

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so. Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries, but over time more and more of a democratic country's inhabitants have generally been included. Cornerstones of democracy include freedom of assembly and speech, inclusiveness and equality, membership, consent, voting, right to life, and minority rights.

A unitary state is a state governed as a single entity in which the central government is ultimately supreme. Unitary states stand in contrast with federations, also known as federal states. Territorial organization of some European countries. Among European Union states, Austria, Belgium, and Germany are federal states.

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